Understanding and treating recurrent yeast infections

When yeast infections keep coming back, specialist care can help identify underlying causes and break the cycle

Recurrent or complicated yeast infections can be frustrating and disruptive, especially when standard treatments don't provide lasting relief.

If you’ve been experiencing yeast infections month after month, or if your symptoms don’t fully resolve with over-the-counter treatments, you may have recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis. Understanding why the infections keep returning is key to finding lasting relief.

At The Women’s Health Vulvo-Vaginal & Genitourinary Clinic, we specialise in diagnosing and treating recurrent and complicated yeast infections. Our team can help you identify underlying factors and develop an effective treatment plan to break the cycle.

Recurrent yeast infections are not something you have to accept. Let us help you find lasting relief.

Do you have recurrent yeast infections?

You may have recurrent yeast infections if you experience:

Four or more yeast infections in a year
Symptoms that return shortly after treatment
Persistent itching, burning, or discharge
Thick, white, cottage cheese-like discharge
Redness and swelling of the vulva
Pain during intercourse or urination
Symptoms that don’t fully resolve with standard treatments

If this sounds familiar, it’s time for a specialist assessment.

Common causes of recurrent yeast infections

1. Antibiotic Use

Antibiotics can disrupt the normal balance of bacteria in the vagina, allowing yeast to overgrow. Frequent antibiotic use is a common trigger for recurrent infections.

2. Hormonal Factors

High oestrogen levels (such as during pregnancy or from oral contraceptives) can increase susceptibility to yeast infections. Conversely, low oestrogen after menopause can also contribute.

3. Diabetes or High Blood Sugar

Elevated blood sugar levels create an environment that encourages yeast growth. Poorly controlled diabetes is a significant risk factor.

4. Weakened Immune System

Conditions that weaken the immune system, such as HIV or immunosuppressive medications, can increase the risk of recurrent infections.

5. Non-Albicans Candida Species

Most yeast infections are caused by Candida albicans, but some are caused by other species (such as Candida glabrata) that may be resistant to standard treatments.

6. Sexual Transmission

Whilst yeast infections are not considered sexually transmitted, sexual activity can contribute to recurrence in some women. Male partners may carry yeast without symptoms.

7. Irritants and Allergens

Soaps, douches, perfumed products, and tight clothing can irritate the vagina and increase susceptibility to infection.

8. Misdiagnosis

Sometimes, what seems like a recurrent yeast infection is actually another condition, such as bacterial vaginosis, lichen simplex chronicus, or vulvodynia.

How we diagnose and treat recurrent yeast infections

Comprehensive history

We’ll discuss:

How often you experience infections and when they occur
Previous treatments and their effectiveness
Antibiotic use and other medications
Hormonal factors (contraception, pregnancy, menopause)
Medical conditions, particularly diabetes
Products you use and lifestyle factors
Sexual activity and partner symptoms

Thorough examination

A careful examination can reveal:

Signs of active infection
Skin changes from chronic irritation
Evidence of other conditions that may be mimicking yeast infections

Laboratory testing

Proper diagnosis requires:

Vaginal swab with microscopy to confirm yeast presence
Culture to identify the specific species of Candida
Testing for antibiotic resistance if needed
Blood glucose testing if diabetes is suspected

Personalised treatment plan

Treatment for yeast infections may include:

Appropriate antifungal medication based on culture results
Suppressive therapy
Addressing underlying factors
Lifestyle modifications
Probiotics

Frequently asked questions

Q: Why do I keep getting yeast infections?

A: Recurrent yeast infections can have many causes, including antibiotic use, hormonal factors, diabetes, or resistant yeast species. Identifying the underlying cause is key to effective treatment.

Q: Can I treat yeast infections with over-the-counter medications?

A: Over-the-counter treatments can be effective for occasional, uncomplicated yeast infections. However, if you’re experiencing recurrent infections, it’s important to see a specialist for proper diagnosis and treatment.

Q: Are yeast infections sexually transmitted?

A: Yeast infections are not considered sexually transmitted infections, but sexual activity can contribute to recurrence in some women. Treating partners may be recommended in some cases.

Q: Can diet affect yeast infections?

A: Whilst there’s limited scientific evidence that diet directly causes yeast infections, maintaining good blood sugar control is important, particularly for women with diabetes.

Q: How long will I need to take suppressive therapy?

A: Suppressive therapy is typically continued for at least 6 months. Some women may need longer treatment, whilst others can stop after their infections are under control.

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